Macbeth Hero or Villain - 2592 Words

Macbeth: Hero or Villain In this essay, I will be divulging into Macbeth written by William Shakespeare in 1603, to try and answer the question Was Macbeth a true hero or villain in the play?. Macbeth is a play of villainy, murder, deceit and oftenly described as a play fit for a king. In my personal opinion, the evidence from Shakespeares original text and Roland Polanskis video version strongly suggests that Macbeth was a true villain rather than a hero. An example of his villainy is the fact that Macbeth assassinated his King to thrust himself to power in Act 1, Scene 2. A second example is when Macbeth sends murderers to kill the family of Macduff, a nobleman of Scotland, in Act 4,†¦show more content†¦Brave Macbeth, well he deserves that name Macduff, Act 1, Scene 1, Line 16 In my personal opinion, at this point of the play Macbeth was a hero in all purity. This is mainly due to the fact that he was willing to sacrifice his own life whilst fighting for his King and country. At this point, Macbeth had a wide range of heroic qualities which made people admire and respect him, including the fact that he was a honest, brave, loyal, courageous leader and that he led his army by example. In Act 1, Scene 4, we see Macbeth officially declared as the Thane of Cawdor by King Duncan for his courageous acts in battle against Norway. I could initially interpret from both the text and the video version that Duncan had a deep respect for Macbeth by the way he addresses him in the scene. For example, thy worthiest cousin and my worthy cawdor. The respect in which Duncan gives Macbeth is returned by Macbeth several times through out the scene. I personally feel that the following quotes made by Duncan and Macbeth show the respect and possible love that they feel for each other. The quote made by Duncan which shows his love and respect greatly occurs in Act 1, Scene 6 when he arrives at the Macbeths castle to celebrate Scotlands victory inShow MoreRelatedEssay Macbeth - Hero Or Villain?1487 Words   |  6 Pages ‘Macbeth’ is a play by William Shakespeare that shows a protagonist going from bad to worse throughout the play. Shakespeare wrote this play, taking in mind current affairs at the time of 1603-1606. This is the time when a Scottish king, James I was given the English crown. This king was obsessed with witches, so Shakespeare brought this theme strongly into the play. It also brings the theme of treachery towards the King. This pleased King James and also pleased him about showing the line of StuartRead MoreHero to Villain in Macbeth by Shakespeare791 Words   |  3 Pagespossible to go from being a loyal hero to a selfish villain in a short period of time? 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Hip Hop A Cultural And Artistic Phenomenon - 868 Words

Over the past years, According to Aldridge Derrick Hip Hop has developed as a cultural and artistic phenomenon affecting youth culture around the world. For many youth, Hip Hop reflects the social, economic, political and cultural realities and conditions of their lives, speaking to them in a language and manner they understand. Defining the Hip Hop trend is not an easy task, trends are in essence very complex mechanisms that mirror changes in the economic and political landscapes. The Hip-Hop new trends, is a trend that isn’t genuinely taken as serious as it should be. This trend is very important but is only look at as the African American way to be free. People only think this trend isn’t important because it only focus on one race. It was once said that African American use Hip-Hop as their news. When it comes to the Hip-Hop news trend there are a lot of issues that are not talked about. 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Wishes Free Essays

Let’s say, one day, you’re granted three wishes. Your first two wishes were used wisely, but you killed yourself using the third one. Or, let’s say you get three wishes, and you died before you could use the third one. We will write a custom essay sample on Wishes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Well, in the stories, â€Å"These Three Wishes†, and, â€Å"The Third Wish†, both of these things happened. And as you can see, they have similarities and differences. One of the main differences between these two stories is how both characters died. In â€Å"Those Three Wishes†, Melinda Alice killed herself by wishing herself dead. According to the story she quotes, â€Å"I wish I were dead. † (Gorog 124). In â€Å"The Third Wish†, Mr. Peters died from old age, and didn’t get to use his third wish. â€Å"In the morning Mr. Peters was found peacefully dead in his bed with a smile of great happiness on his face. † (Aiken 107). For these reasons, the stories differ. Another difference between these two stories is the personalities of the two characters. Melinda Alice was a clever, but cruel girl who thought of no one but herself. For example, in the story it quotes, â€Å"No, she was lever, even witty. † (Aiken 122). But, Mr. Peters was a kind and loving man. He even offered to use one of his wishes on his new wife, and turn her back into the swan that she originally was. In the story, Mr. Peters quotes, â€Å"Then shall I use my second wish to turn you back into a swan again? † (Aiken 105). There are also similarities between these stories. They have very important morals to them. In â€Å"Those Three Wishes†, the moral is, â€Å"Be careful what you wish for. † Melinda Alice saying, â€Å"I wish I were dead. (Aiken 124) maybe wasn’t the best thing to do. In â€Å"The Third Wish†, the moral of the story is, â€Å"If you really love someone, let them be happy. † Mr. Peters showed this by offering his wife one of his three wishes. Getting wishes is not all what it’s cracked up to be. Yes, it’s fun to wish for everything that we want in life but, sometimes, they can cause more trouble than needed. And we don’t want to end up in a mistake that we can’t turn around. Comparison/Contrast Essay: â€Å"Those Three Wishes† â€Å"The Third Wish† Jordan M. Beard 8-04 September 16, 2010 How to cite Wishes, Papers

Exxon Mobil Merger Trend Analysis Essay Example For Students

Exxon Mobil Merger Trend Analysis Essay Exxon Mobil Merger Trend AnalysisWith the Exxon-Mobil deal official, other big oil companies are now in a mating game. The companies are mulling their own mergers to keep pace with this newmega-rival, and to survive the near-collapse of world oil prices that spawned the marriages of Exxon and Mobiland British Petroleum and Amoco Corp. in the first place. Exxon and Mobils $75.3-billion merger gave the combined company a dominant presence in U.S. and world oil markets that is sure to draw antitrust scrutiny. Exxon Mobil is Americas largest oil company and antitrust issues are being raised because of its refining capacity and share of the U.S. gasoline market. This does not mean a merger wave will automatically roll through the industry; mergers routinely collapse over issues of price, management egos and other factors. But every oil company is at least going over its options now that Exxon and Mobil, the two biggest players in the U.S. oil industry, are joining to create an awesome competitor. To be sure, other possible pairings in the oil patch are just speculation for now, and the companies themselves arent commenting. But attention is shifting to the likes of Texaco, headquartered in White Plains, N.Y., and San Francisco-based Chevron Corp.the nations third- and fourth-largest oil companies, respectivelyas potential buyers. They are likely to consider buying smaller rivals because most of their peers are now spoken for, namely Exxon, Mobil and Amoco. Yet it is also possible that some of those smaller rivals might pair up to bolster their positions. Either way, the consolidation is having a major impact on the three oil companies headquartered in Southern California: Atlantic Richfield Co. (Arco) and Occidental Petroleum Corp., both based in Los Angeles, and El Segundo-based Unocal Corp. Arco, a leading force in Southern California gasoline sales but a relatively small player worldwide, has been rumored to be a takeover target for months. The merger turmoil means it is nail-biting time for tens of thousands of oil company employees in California and worldwide. A key purpose of these mergers is to slash overlapping operating costs so that the companies can keep growing profits, even with oil at historic low prices. That means huge layoffs. Big Oil is just now going through a massive consolidation thats already taken place in many other industries, including aerospace, banking, pharmaceuticals, retailing and financial services. The trigger, of course, is the plunge in oil and gasoline prices to levels not seen in decades. That drop has dug deeply into the companies profitability, making it harder for them to compete for new exploration and production projects around the globe. But antitrust scrutiny of oil mergersin light of oils incalculable importance to the world economywill be considerable, one reason why it is hard to speculate on which oil companies might eventually join forces. Another problem is whether the two companies can efficiently mesh upstream operations, which involve exploring for and producing oil, with downstream operations, or the refining and selling of oil products. Regardless, companies are likely to seek viable partners first and worry about the details later, because the Exxon-Mobil deal could so accelerate Big Oils merger trend that potential partners might not be available for long. BibliographyPeltz, James F.; Exxon-Mobil Deal Has Other Firms Assessing Options; Business Week, October 1999Business Reports

Assess the view that Rousseaus social contract is totalitarian

Introduction Many theorists suggest that a family forms the first model of political society. This is mainly because parents are relieved of their duties of caring for children once they reach adulthood. Similarly, children are relieved of complete obedience to their parents at adulthood. Moreover, family bonds and obligations are practically broken. In fact, whatever remains is voluntary. It signifies an opportunity for children to be masters of their own destiny.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Assess the view that Rousseau’s social contract is totalitarian specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is the basic unit of political society, in which people are born free but everywhere they remain in chain. The expression is according to Rousseau who asserts that modern states have the habit of repressing freedom, which is everyone’s birthright. Moreover, he faults them for neglecting civil freedom, which is the main reason for joining civil society. He therefore believes that legitimate political power can only be achieved through social contract. This paper will assess the view that social contract is totalitarian (Rousseau, 1762 p. 1). Rousseau’s social contract According to Rousseau, people are denied freedom, which is their birthright. He therefore believed that for considerable freedom to be exercised in any given society, it requires a legitimate government or political authority. Moreover, this authority must be attained through social contract. It is also quite important to note that the social contract must be accepted by all residents for mutual protection. In this regard, he defines sovereign as a collective grouping of all individuals of a political society and maintains that it should be taken like an individual. In this sense, as far as an individual has a particular aim or goal in life for his or her best interest, a political society or sovereign have a gener al will that aims or fights for a common goal. Therefore, as much as the sovereign is absolute in its authority, it also has authority on issues of public interest or concern. In conclusion, Rousseau’s verdict to those who violate social contract is death. According to Rousseau, an alien lawgiver is mandated with the responsibility of creating abstract as well as general laws. Moreover, it is in these laws that the general will is clearly expressed. In addition, he alludes to the fact that a government is required to perform executive duties along with sovereign in exercising legislative powers. The government is therefore mandated with the responsibility of running day-to-day activities in society. There are several forms of governments namely, monarchy, democracy and aristocracy, among others. However, the form of government lies heavily on its size. For instance, monarchy is considered as the strongest of all forms of government. Moreover, according to Rousseau, it serves the largest population and is suited for hot climates. He also argues that aristocracies are the best form of government and usually more stable than the rest. Rousseau also maintains those sovereigns is always distinct from government and therefore are always in constant friction. In this regard, this friction has the propensity of destroying a state. It is therefore important that the state remains healthy for stability and longer reign, which may last centuries.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rousseau continues by pointing out that citizens implement their sovereignty through periodic and regular meetings. It is quite important to note that rarely does everyone attend these meetings; however, this is necessary for a healthy state. He also insists that use of representatives in these meetings endangers well being of a state especially since the general will cannot be heard. In ess ence, he thinks that citizens should note vote for their personal needs, rather they should do so in the interest of general will. Furthermore, results attained from these votes ought to approach unanimity. This is where the rule of supermajority links as it ensures that the general will is heard. Rousseau uses an example of Roman republic to sink his view of social contract and the concept of general will. Social Contract can thus be defines as an agreement that enables an individual to join a civil society. It therefore binds that individual into society or community that exists in the interest of communal protection. In this respect, such individuals loose the right to do whatever they want albeit they get civil freedom, which allows them to act and think morally and rationally. Therefore, Rousseau maintains that we can achieve human status by going into social contract (Schwartzberg, 2008, p. 403-423). The general Will Rousseau uses the concept of general will to assert his argu ment on a legitimate political society. He believes that a general will can only be achieved through inclusion of all members of society. This is contradictory to the current practices where representatives are elected to vote on behalf of citizens. He believes that this form of law making is contradictory to the needs of a people and therefore acts to serve personal needs and not the general will. In this regard, he defines general will, as that will of sovereign, which aims at achieving a common good even though each member of a society is known to have his/her will. This is not expressed in the general will. In fact, general will express the will of a state, which covers everyone. No wonder, he insists that everyone should be involved in such decisions since representatives may at times forward their own personal interests as is witnessed all over the world’s democracies. The general will is thus described as will of all, which can refer to the sum total of individual will . However, this is only possible in a healthy state. In a state experiencing friction between sovereign and government, the general will differs from will of all. This is mainly because what is known to be general will, may sometimes be infiltrated by personal interests at the highest levels. This causes jittery and animosity between sovereign and government and may lead to fall of a state. General will is therefore very important and must concur with will of all, in order to achieve a healthy state (Schwartzberg, 2008, p. 403-423).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Assess the view that Rousseau’s social contract is totalitarian specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Democracy There are several forms of governments in the contemporary world. These include democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy, among others. According to Rousseau, the form of government depends on its size. For example, monarchy is considered as st rongest of all the various forms of government. Furthermore, he maintains that Monarchy serves the largest population and is suitable for hot climates. In addition, Rousseau argues that aristocracies are the best form of government, which last for centuries. Rousseau faults modern democracies for demeaning their subjects and sovereign. For instance, modern democracies have representatives that are supposed to enact laws on behalf of citizens. However, this is not entirely true. In fact, while some legislators go for their own interests, other push for ideologies over and above what their constituents want. This has caused jittery and acrimony in most countries with continual replacement of representatives during elections. Nonetheless, it continues to haunt them, as the trend of presenting personal thoughts continues. Rousseau tries to determine the possibility of achieving freedom, as it should be and not in its present form where self interest takeover power and utilize it, as the y want. In fact, it is for this reason that he goes for concurrence between the general will and will of all. However, current democracies do not offer such provisions. In fact, they claim that Rousseau’s theories are impracticable in modern world and require an ideal world that can heed to most people’s wants. In essence, as much as democracy tries to achieve concurrence in issues and freedom, it fails to reach its minimum threshold in Rousseau’s view (Estlund, Waldron, Grofman Feld, 1989, p. 1317-1340). Super majority Will of all refers to the total sum of all individuals will. When this total sum or will of all exceeds other factors, it can be described as a simple majority. In essence, a simple majority may encompass many variables but only the winner is taken as absolute even if the sum total of other losers exceeds that of the winner. However, this is quite different from super majority. In fact, this is where the will of all can be achieved in Rousseauâ €™s view. Therefore, super majority can only be achieved if the winner exceeds the sum total of all other losers. In this respect, it may be right to say that general will concurs with will of all if it is represented by a super majority. According to Rousseau, general will, must approach unanimity for it to be inclusive of all participants. This can only be achieved through votes that make up for a super majority. Some theories have however, linked Rousseau’s view on votes with epismestic reasons (Cohen, 1986, p. 257-297).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion This discussion is aimed at assessing whether Rousseau’s social contract is totalitarian. According to Rousseau’s social contract, people should be guided by a general will attained through super majority votes. In light of this, it can be a wonderful system of government if everyone has the same line of thought. However, this is not the case in modern world, where capitalism makes people unequal. To some extent, it can apply in an aristocratic form of government where everyone seems to know where they belong and therefore gives up their freedom to a stronger power. The mere fact that one gives up his or her right to a general will, which may at times differ from the will of all, makes it dependent the executive. However, this has proven to be a failure even though it acts to achieve common goals. The Romans used a similar system and it helped them achieve most of their goals. However, it denied basic rights to captives as well as citizens. To this extent, I can say that Rousseau’s social contract is totalitarian. Furthermore, the fact that those who do not follow social contract are punishable by death makes it totalitarian. True liberty can be achieved through freedom. This allows creativity and innovation, among others. Designing basic line of thought, behavior and action can act to deny deserving people their right to participation in critical activities. Moreover, the states agenda should be well represented in the community, with the possibility of letting variant views to prove their worth. Besides, it is not true that majority are always right. In fact, it has been shown beyond doubt that geniuses are very few, and this is same for significant ideologies. This is mainly because general will, may suffer from group psychology, which at times renders critical analysis useless. In this sense, use of Rousseau’s social contract in a state is likely to skew them towards a totalitarian government (Cohen, 1986, p. 257-297) . Totalitarian Regimes Different regimes have emerged over the years. However of great concern is the links between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. Authoritarian regimes are those that dictate what its subject does. In this sense, orders are channeled from the executive for people to follow. It is quite important to note that totalitarian regimes usually rule by amassing total support from all its citizens. This is usually achieved through many ways, some of which include threatening their lives and propaganda, among others. In this regard, it is essential to note that totalitarian rule may be detrimental to society especially if infiltrated by personal needs of those tasked with exercising government duties. This is mainly because people come from different backgrounds, cultures and lines of thought. It is therefore impossible for them to think in the same line and submit completely to a super majority general will. This has the propensity of denying some people their right to thoughts and freedom of speech, among others (Rousseau, 1762 p. 1). Assertion I tend to think that Rousseau’s social contract is inclined towards a totalitarian government. This is mainly because people have different views in life. Therefore forcing them to give up their right to some government without credibility of sustaining such rights can lead to totalitarian government. Most regimes that run totalitarian government claim to derive support from all their subjects. This has led to conflicts when it matures. For instance, Libyan governments as well as those of the Far East like China and North Korea tend to skew towards totalitarian government. However, they claim to have majority support from people who suffer daily to make ends meet. It is quite necessary to note that such regimes usually come as result of social contract. They may begin in an exceptional manner but later on turn into totalitarian government. In other words, Rousseau’s social contract is clo sely linked to a totalitarian government than the freedom it claims to provide. This is because people have different views due to varying backgrounds. Therefore, tying them to a common goal, which may be one person’s interest, denies them their basic freedom of choice. Moreover, not everyone has the capacity to understand common goals of a state. In most cases, the elite propose such ideologies based on their interests, which may be to exploit others. Rousseau’s social contract is therefore skewed towards a totalitarian government (Levine, 2002, p. 28). Conclusion According to Rousseau, people are denied their birthright, which is freedom. In this regard, he suggests a legitimate political authority, which comes to power through social contract. This, he believes would provide the freedom that people deserves. Social contract is an agreement that enables an individual to join civil society. It therefore binds the individual into society in the interest of communal pro tection. However, this is tantamount to totalitarian rule since everyone is bound completely to one solid government. Besides, human nature states that people differ in thoughts, needs, and ideologies, among others. Social contract therefore has the propensity to deny them the right of choice hence leading to a totalitarian government (Rousseau, 1762 p. 1). Reference List Cohen, J 1986, ‘Reflections on Rousseau: Autonomy and Democracy’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol.15, No.3, pp. 257-297. Estlund, DM Waldron, J Grofman, B Feld, SL 1989, ‘Democratic Theory and the Public Interest: Condorcet and Rousseau Revisited’, American Political Science Review, Vol.83, No.4, pp. 1317-1340. Levine, A 2002, Engaging Political Philosophy: From Hobbes to Rawls, Blackwell, Oxford. Rousseau, JJ 1762, The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right, Translated by G. D. H. Cole. Available from: http://www.constitution.org/jjr/socon.htm. Schwartzberg, M 2008, ‘V oting the General Will: Rousseau on Decision Rules’, Political Theory, Vol.36, No.3, pp. 403-23. This essay on Assess the view that Rousseau’s social contract is totalitarian was written and submitted by user Kody D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Irony in The Workbox essays

Irony in The Workbox essays In the Workbox by Thomas Hardy, there are many ironic points in which the author has given us. This poem is filled with irony, yet there are mainly two types of irony that I see happening again and again. These two types of irony are verbal and cosmic irony. I have still yet to find dramatic and situational irony even though I have read this poem many times. I believe that the author put so many ironic points in it because he wanted the reader to think. In order for us to even get a glimpse of what he is trying to express, we must use critical thinking. I will first start off with the cosmic irony. Cosmic irony is a twist of fate, fate with a sense of humor. In this poem it seems to me that the cosmic irony was at first where a man made a workbox out of some wood that he got from someones coffin. He then gave the workbox to a woman who knew the dead guy in the coffin. I warrant it will. And longer too. Tis a scantling that I got Off poor John Waywards coffin, who Died of they knew not what. That is very ironic because out of anyones coffin she had to know that guy. Not only know him but he came from her native town. We see that she knows him when she says The shingled pattern that seems to cease Against your boxs rim Continues right on in the piece Thats underground with him. This shows that she knows him because how else would she know what his coffin looks like unless she was at the funeral. The key to this irony is not that she just knew him, but that she killed him. And out of every piece of wood that he would use, he used J ohn Waywards . Now that is cosmic irony. Now to the verbal irony, there is much verbal irony that helps us more understand the poem. Unless you were an uncritical thinker in which verbal irony will only confuse you more, as It did to me in the beginning. Verbal irony is where you say something but mean the opposite. The verbal...

Effect on Restaurant Tipping of a Helpful Message Written on the Back Research Paper

Effect on Restaurant Tipping of a Helpful Message Written on the Back of Customers Checks - Research Paper Example icle entitled Effect on Restaurant Tipping of a Helpful Message Written on the Back of Customers’ Checks written by Rind & Strohmetz (1999) aimed to determine the effect of a written message at the back of customer’s checks on the amount of tips given to restaurant servers. The participants of the research were eighty one dining parties who ate at a northern New Jersey restaurant. The study was conducted over a three-week time period from March to April of 1997 with only one female server as actively involved in the process. The findings revealed a consistency with the author’s hypothesis that writing at the back of the customers’ checks would increase the amount of tips given to the server. The article based its theoretical framework from previous researches in the field of restaurant operations, particularly on tipping as additional sources of income for servers (Lynn & Mynier, 1993; Schmidt, 1985). Found at the beginning of the article, right after the introductory paragraph, the conceptualization stage presented references to various previous researches on the subject. An article (Statistical Abstracts, 1990) was cited to indicate the number of people working in the United States as waiters or waitresses. Other studies mentioned factors affecting tipping in the restaurant industry (Rind & Bordia, 1996) and server-diner interactions which entailed writing simple messages, like â€Å"Thank You† at the back of the customers’ checks as having influenced the amount of tip percentages given to servers (Rind & Bordia, 1995). The current research aims to present a parallel study on check manipulation by designing two conditions: written message by one female server with the message informing the customers of a good deal in future dining experience; versus no message written at the back of the check. The study employed an experimental method of research with statistical and correlational analysis. The experimental method was designed according to two